Issue Listing

Dynamic load balancing is one of the major requirements of distributed systems for the effective utilization of resources. Existing dynamic load balancing algorithms work on the basis of load data of incoming jobs and takes the corrective actions once the system becomes unbalanced. In this paper we have proposed hybrid architecture of distributed system which can take benefits of centralized as well as distributed approaches. We have designed prediction based dynamic load balancing algorithm and tested in the proposed architecture for checking the correctness. The proposed algorithm empowers system to take corrective scheduling actions on the basis of prediction and avoid the problem of unbalanced load in distributed systems.

Morphological Analyzer is used to analyze word in a sentence and provide its grammatical meaning. Morphology is process of studies of internal structure of word, relation with word and there meaning. Morpheme is smallest unit of grammar in linguistic. Analyzer is used in the applications like POS tagging, Chunking, text summarization and Machine Translation. Gujarati is morphologically complex language. In this paper author present a rule-based morphological analyzer. The feature author focused part of speech, gender, number, and tense.

Advancement in medical industry has greatly contributed in medical imaging with the advent of PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems) and RIS/HIS (Radiological/ Hospital Information System). Such integrated healthcare systems allow storage and dissemination of medical data which can be accessed with an ease. These systems were the pioneer in migration of radiological film based data into electronic format. Medical images in various formats are acquired, stored, transmitted and displayed digitally. This has resulted into various issues that threaten the security of digitized medical data. This paper focuses on the major issues concerned with storage and sharing of images of any modality over public networks. An attempt is made to present a detailed study of recentresearch methodologies, their success rates and issues. In the end of the paper, the proposed system is discussed to meet specific research requirements.

Analysis of spatial distributions of chemical properties (pH, EC and OC) in soils are often influenced by spatial autocorrelation. While using geostatistical methods variogram modelling is one of the pre-requisites. This process depends upon distribution of the data whether it is clustered or dispersed. This then affects the selection of variogram parameters namely nugget, sill and range which in turn further affects kriging results. Therefore, this paper proposes use of spatial autocorrelation as a preprocessing step for geostatistical implications. Five talukas of Surat district have been taken for study. Moran's I was calculated for each of the three chemical properties for every taluka. Results were analyzed to check whether there exist any spatial autocorrelation or no correlation at all. It was revealed that there existed few clusters whereas most of the talukas had dispersed patterns in terms of concentration of chemical properties.

Face recognition is still very challenging issue in surveillance system either in known environment or in uninhibited. Basic step of face recognition is to observe human face for further investigation, so in any circumstances face recognition is challenging issue because human expression and its orientation may vary in each moment.

Proposed work aims for the development of a highly efficient human face recognition system that deal with front as well as side view face with normal face expression. Using face detection algorithm it accumulate only face region in preprocessing task. Facial components like eyes, nose and lip are extracted from whole face region using edge detection method. To identify similarity of features, it compares feature point's coalition by calculating matched points among face feature similarity. Authors' uses corner detection method which picks boundary pixel from region of interest and retrieves maximum match value among all store images. Based on threshold value decides whether human face is recognized or not.

Development of handwritten optical character recognition for various Indian scripts is in demand for dissemination of ICT in India. Although there are significant number of research going on printed Gujarati text but recognition of offline handwritten Gujarati text is still in its preliminary level. Proper selection of character features plays an important role in development of character recognition system.

The feature extraction process describe in this paper extracts important features of characters based on water reservoir formed by character and radial histogram which is used for identification of the Gujarati consonant characters. Preprocessing is applied before extracting features from the character.

The field of opinion mining has gained much popularity in last few years. Many new techniques and methods are being developed in different languages like English, Hindi etc. However, authors have noted that there is no significant progress for languages like Gujarati. This paper discusses few of the challenges that can be faced while implementing opinion mining in Gujarati language text including some language independent challenges.

The current study presents a comparative analysis of different aggregation rules (for instance, two traditional aggregation rules; additive & multiplicative and its new variants the exponential & logarithmic transformation) adopted in Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), by testing them against a problem with a known composite answer. The result showed the additive aggregation rule seems to be more satisfactory than the others. In continuation, we generated 100 decision matrixes with random numbers in the range of 1 to 9 (in consistent to AHP scale). The result indicated that, in the both introduced new aggregation rules (exponential & logarithmic transformation) the portion of important alternative values come to other alternatives. Particularly, to worst alternatives. Therefore, in these transformations, discriminating level of the most important alternative will decrease.

The core fundamental concept behind keyword stuffing is to avail with combination of relevant and irrelevant keyword where the semantics of keywords are not matching which ultimately leads to poor ranking of website. Search engine spider interprets and detects places in website where the keywords are stuffed whereby considers it as a negative design element. Websites should be designed with high quality, well-written content included with keyword stuffing in limited region of website. Even though keyword stuffing is unlikely to lead to search engine penalties but if penalized then webmasters can recovered, it could deter human visitors and reduce website value.

Several methods have been proposed for solving Multi-Attribute Decision-Making problems (MADM). A major criticism of MADM is that different techniques may yield different results when applied to the same problem. In this paper, we investigate the performance of two well-known MADM models: 1. AHP, and 2. TOPSIS. Although, there is no exact way to know which model gives the right answer. But, AHP was selected as the basis to which to compare the other methods, because it extremely popular in practice. Then, by changing the separation measures in TOPSIS model from P=2 (Euclidean distance) to another values (P≠2; i.e. 1.1, 1.2, etc., based on Birnbaum, 1998, p. 185), result are investigated.

Digital watermarking scheme is used to protect copyrights of owners. We proposed blind watermarking scheme based on DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) algorithm. The proposed method provides hiding a watermark in Gray Scale Image. Digital color image is transformed into Gray Scale Image then the DCT algorithm is used for watermarking process. Block based DCT algorithm used for embedding watermark. For embedding watermark, all bits of the watermark image are embedded in various DCT blocks. To extract watermark same process will be done in inverse manner. In such watermarking scheme, it requires original image to retrieve embedded image where in blind watermarking process it doesn't require cover image to retrieve embedded image.

Printed character recognition has been one of the most interesting and challenging research areas in field of image processing and pattern recognition in the recent years. OCR has an improve efficiency and less computational cost, to use database recognize English character which is managed and very simple. It is digitizing process by handwritten or printed text that can be scanned electronically and used in. machine process. Its applying appropriate methods to scanned image and denoised image to obtain saved for further processing.

Natural Language Processing provides the facility of operating a system with speech and the system can interact with the user accordingly. Many speech recognition applications also provide the support for regional languages. In this paper, we would like to discuss the work that will add some facility to the state-of-the-art facility of speech recognition of Gujarati language. We have designed and developed a system that allows the users to give commands to their smartphone in Gujarati language for some basic facilities like calling, sending SMS, etc. The vocabulary includes total of 60 words consisting of Gujarati digits, some persons' name to be considered as a contact name and operational commands which yield the overall average recognition accuracy of 82.23%.

Image inpainting is a technique to restore the damage image and fill gape or texts are written in the image. Image inpainting have different application like removal of scratches, restoring damage/missing portions of Image. In recent year image inpainting is high popular in image processing. In this paper we propose the exemplar based inpainting algorithm with solution of proposed application of Sourceforge.net application that is built in Java and using exemplar based image inpainting algorithm we remove the unwanted object and scratches to be contain in image.

This research paper describes two important techniques Horizontal & Vertical Projection for character segmentation process in Offline Handwritten Gujarati Text Recognition process (OHGTR). Segmentation is one of the key steps in Text Recognition process which is one of the factors in recognition accuracy. This research paper mainly focuses on segmentation techniques: Horizontal & Vertical projection. Recognition process is required to perform many preprocessing and post processing steps to recognize the character. If segmentation of scan documentation is properly happen then rest of the process will become easy otherwise it will reflect on final recognition process. It is easy to segment printed character scan document as compare to hand written document because of the same font size and style where in hand written text document is , the content character size is different, even the same document is written by the same person.

In the tourism recommendation system, the number of users and items is very large. But traditional recommendation system uses partial information for identifying similar characteristics of users. Collaborative filtering is the primary approach of any recommendation system. Content Filtering is used to study the behavior of the users. Content Filtering and Collaborative Filtering together refers as hybrid filtering. It provides a recommendation which is easy to understand. It is based on similarities of user opinions like rating or likes and dislikes. So the recommendation provided by only collaborative and content filtering cannot be considered as quality recommendation. Recommendation after association rule mining is having high support and confidence level. So that it will be considered as strong recommendation. The hybridization of both collaborative filtering with content filtering and association rule mining can produce strong and quality recommendation even when sufficient data are not available. This paper combines recommendation for tourism application by using a hybridization of traditional collaborative filtering technique and data miningtechniques.

The purpose of this paper is to find the quality of rice grain by image processing technique. Traditionally the grain type and quality was measured through visual assessment by human inspectors, whose decisions was affected by exterior influences such as tiredness and was also time consuming whereas machine vision is an automated, cost-effective and non-destructive technique. This technique begins by acquiring images of rice samples which are converted to gray image and then to binary image by using thresholding. The rice grains area is measured using regionprops property of Matlab.

Face Detection finds an application in various fields in today's world. However CPU single thread implementation of face detection consumes lot of time, and despite various optimization techniques, it performs poorly at real time. With the advent of General Purpose GPU (GPGPU) and growing support for parallel programming language like CUDA, it has become possible to use GPU for such computational tasks. Our design model combines conventional programming using CPU with GP-GPU programming using NVIDIA CUDA for fast face detection. The face detection algorithm can be paralyzed to implement on the GPU using CUDA technology. Viola Jones face detector is one such application which when implemented on GPU, by exploiting some of the parallel aspects of algorithm, can give optimized output. The proposed method includes the enhanced Haar-like features and uses Cascade for training and classification which can efficiently and effectively be implemented on GPU.

Indian education system has grown remarkably in terms student enrollment, number of universities, institutions and percentage of educational expenditure since last 20 years and has become the largest education system in the world. Professional institutions have also increased at the exponential rate. In this paper, the growth in higher and professional education institutions has been described. Various government institutions monitoring the quality of educational institutions and problems faced by professional education have also been discussed.

Sentiment analysis or Opinion mining aims at determining what other people think, comment and gives their opinion. Opinion can be positive or negative. Feature extraction in sentiment analysis is now becoming an active area of research. Features can be implicit or explicit feature. For finding implicit or explicit features different techniques and algorithms are used. In this work we are comparing such different techniques.

The core fundamental concept behind keyword stuffing is to avail with combination of relevant and irrelevant keyword where the semantics of keywords are not matching which ultimately leads to poor ranking of website. Search engine spider interprets and detects places in website where the keywords are stuffed whereby considers it as a negative design element. Websites should be designed with high quality, well-written content included with keyword stuffing in limited region of website. Even though keyword stuffing is unlikely to lead to search engine penalties but if penalized then webmasters can recovered, it could deter human visitors and reduce website value.

Cloud computing is emerging as a new paradigm for manipulating, configuring, and accessing large scale distributed computing applications over the network. Clouds are high-configured infrastructure delivers platform, software as service, which helps customers to make subscription for their requirements under the pay as you go model. There are many challenges in cloud computing which are security, load balancing and theft of losing of data. As the customers are paying for service load balancing is one of the major challenges for which is required to distribute the workload evenly across all the nodes. There are many algorithms in cloud which do load balancing but, they have limitations like instability of system, low performance, insecure. The proposed algorithm enables scalability, over- provisioning, and minimizing resource consumption and avoids bottlenecks.

: In a large software system knowing which files are most likely to be fault-prone is valuable information for project managers. They can use such information in prioritizing software testing and allocating resources accordingly. However, our experience shows that it is difficult to collect and analyze fine grained test defects in a large and complex software system. On the other hand, previous research has shown that companies can safely use cross-company data with nearest neighbor sampling to predict their defects in case they are unable to collect local data. In this paper the discussion is done to predict software bugs in the source code by using data mining approach by training the models that are perfect and that are defect. In our experiments we used ranking method (RM) as well as nearest neighbor sampling for constructing method level defect predictors. Our results suggest that, for the analyzed projects, at least 70% of the defects can be detected by inspecting only (i) 4% of the code using a NaĂŻve model, (ii) 6% of the code using RM framework.

This paper presents a novel optimization technique using genetic algorithms for antenna array synthesis. GA is a global optimization technique which is proved very effective for optimization based on the science. It is capable of solving linear and non-linear problems. In this paper, genetic algorithm is used to determine an optimum set of amplitudes of antenna elements that provide a radiation pattern with maximum side lobe level reduction.

STBC_SM is a technique which uses the fundamental of both Spatial modulation and Space time block codes to provide a high rate of spectral efficiency as well as transmit diversity. In this paper we have evaluated the performance of STBC_SM under varying antenna conditions so that to study the effect of receive diversity on STBC_SM. The overall performance is compared under different conventional diversity technique.

: The article is mainly describe the purpose of the macro facility and efficiency of macro-based applications in clinical domain for create, tests, and provides resolution to bugs, defects and other changes to the SAS macro library.It mainly focus on fundamental concept of program flow, tokenization, %INCLUDE statement, %LET statement, macro triggers, macro statements, macro variables, global and local symbol tables, automatic macro variables, macro variable reference, substitution within a macro statement, substitution within a SAS literal, unresolved reference, substitution within SAS code, referencing macro variables, combining macro variables with text.It will give the brief idea about macro functions, defining a macro, macro compilation, calling a macro ,macro storage, macro parameters, SYMPUT routine, creating a series of macro variables, creating macro variables in SQL, the need for macro-level programming, conditional processing, monitoring macro execution , macro syntax errors, parameter validation, developing macro-based applications, iterative processing, the SYMPUTX routine, rules for creating and updating variables, rules for resolving variables, multiple local tables. This article shows complete concept of the macro system.

This paper addresses an essential and significant concern in the development of computer software - its quality. The major proposal of the paper is that computer science faculty, in their design and implementation of core curriculum; do not devote sufficient attention to teaching their students how to develop high-quality software. As in industry, the most common and popular way of assuring the quality of programs is through software testing. In other words, quality is treated as a late addition or as postscript in software development. The paper presents and discusses a software quality improvement by documentation – knowledge management model that can be used to incorporate a wide variety of quality assurance techniques within a curriculum. The specific focus of this paper is to uncover various types of errors done by students during software development, which is been carried out as a part of their master degree programme.

The Agriculture Sector is the backbone of the economic development of the country India. Several electronic applications in the field of agriculture help the farmer community to get in touch globally as well as locally for the entire knowledge-based information regarding the agriculture system. Knowledge Management has been imparting a lot in the sector of agriculture, which surely leads towards the e-Green Revolution. In this paper the authors have tried to show such applications and their impact on the agriculture community.

There are presently 2 billion users on the internet which is approximately 28% of the global human population. According to Pew Research, people are depending on more and more on Internet search. Subsequently search engines are the main sources of traffic.[1] More traffic to a commercial website means more visitors, more clients, more deals and so great profit in industry. One ought to consider using SEO (Search Engine Optimization) to raise the website traffic. Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is the practice of designing or updating websites with the objective of gaining top rankings in search engines for a preferred set of keywords applicable to the website‘s target audience.[3]SEO is done by SEO specialists who use software tools to mechanise repetitive tasks. SEO tools are an intrinsic part of performing SEO work. Therefore opportunities exists to improve SEO tools and to offer an improved experience to SEO specialists. Here, the research of comparative study of features of several chosen SEO tools helps to reveal opportunities to improve SEO tools and to keep the SEO specialist parallel with the growing technologies and areas in the field of SEO.

Vehicular ad hoc network is a network of vehicles where each vehicle is considered as node. In Inter Vehicle communication, topology of the network can’t be defined due to vehicle’s mobility. Due to high speed mobility, there is very short time for data transfer. This paper describes the inter vehicle collision avoidance on highways to ensure that timely warning text should be delivered to the drivers regarding the accidents. This can be achieved by taking two main constraints which are distance between two vehicles and speed of the vehicles.

An ad-hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes forming instance network without fixed topology. In such network, each node acts as a router and host simultaneously and can move join in network freely. DSDV is modification of the conventional Bellman-ford routing algorithm.In DSDV protocol, whenever the topology of the network changes, a new sequence number is necessary before the network re-arrange. DSDV is adapted from the conventional routing information protocol to ad-hoc network routing. It adds a new attribute and sequence number for each routing node and each node is maintaining the routing information for all known destinations and setsthe different update according to different node and reduce the bandwidth waste, reduce the power consumption and prolong life-span of the node using sleep mode.

In geographical information systems (GIS) people work with terrains which are a type of surface. There is another type of surface, which might not be physically present but can be visualized as the land surface known as statistical surface. Statistical surfaces include precipitation, snow accumulation, water table and population density etc.. Spatial prediction of these surfaces is the process of estimating the values of a target quantity at unvisited location. When applied to a whole study area, it is also referred to as spatial interpolation.

Surface and its analysis are important to the field of geosciences. Spatial continuous data (spatial continuous surfaces) play a significant role in planning, risk assessment and decision making in environmental management. However, these types of data are usually not readily available and are often difficult and expensive to acquire.

Geostatistics is used to predict values of a sampled variable over the whole area of interest, which is referred to as spatial prediction or spatial interpolation. There are number of spatial interpolation techniques with different assumptions, which are dedicated to predict or interpolate environment variables of which kriging and its variant are widely used.

The major emphasis of this paper is on regression kriging a hybrid mix of kriging that has attractive properties but is not as widely used in geosciences as might be expected. Therefore, this paper attempts to highlights the status of geostatistical techniques used in selected GIS and Geostatistical software for prediction of environmental variables in the field of geosciences

Internet, mobile technologies, Computers became part of day-today life.As rely on connectivity for computing and sharing of data is mandatory, computers, storage devices and mobile devices are connected to Internet. The IT installations, confidential data are susceptible to cyber-attacks. To address the challenging threats, various security tools like Anti-viruses, Firewalls, Intrusion Detection / Prevention Systems are being deployed. With new attack methods with fast computing environments, the security mechanism has to be updated as frequently as possible. False Positives will occur, if specific rules are enabled to increase security to reduce false negatives.

Growth of web based applications emphasizes on their better quality. Testing has been the most neglected phase in web application development as of resource and time scarcity. But now trend is changing and more emphasis is put down to ensure reliability of web applications as their failure may lead to disastrous situations. This paper discusses about the current state of testing strategies used to test web based applications and their limitations. Also it suggests mutation testing as an effective method of test case evaluation for web based applications. Finally it suggests some mutation operators for Java Script Language.

Web service is any service that is available over the internet that uses standardized XML messaging system. Web services are language and platform independent. Web services are self describing as it publishes a public interface. Web services should be discoverable. When a web service is created it should be published so that interested parties can find the service and locate the public interface. The World Wide Web which is human centric is now migrating to web services that is application centric. The aggregation of web services to create virtual enterprises is called web service composition. Web service composition is of several types. The first way of classification is that web services can be composed statically or dynamically. Secondly the services can be classified as manual and automatic. For composition of web service the most appropriate service has to be selected. Web service selection is a process of choosing the most appropriate service to execute the task. Most of the web service selection algorithms select the service that is client centric. Services that are meeting client’s needs are selected. However the client centric business model considering the requirement of client alone is a failure model. We propose to select services such that it meets both client and service provider metrics. Service providers being major stake holders should maximize their profit and minimize its loss. We have developed a stack called SLAKY that suggests the service provider’s metrics. We use dynamic programming approach to find appropriate service. Dynamic programming is a multi stage decision process. The original problem is broken into sub problems which are handled efficiently from the computational viewpoint.

In this paper we propose a new algorithm for AVL Tree with Elimination of rotations by using sorting Technique. The basic idea of this paper is easy to implement and understand, to increase the performance by elimination of rotations. This can be achieved by sorted the given elements, then apply divide and conquer technique to split the given elements into subsets. Then construct the binary search tree individually and then merge the trees. In this paper we prove the effectiveness of the AVL tree performance is achieved by without rotations by using sorting Technique.

The paper examines the existence of long memory in stock markets of India and China using ARFIMA models. The data set consists of daily return of the stock indices from January 1, 2009 to June 24, 2014. Long memory tests are carried out in the returns of these series. The results of ARFIMA model suggest the absence of long memory in both the stock markets. The absence of long memory in asset returns supports the weak form market efficiency hypothesis. JEL classification: C22, C50 Keywords: ARFIMA, long memory

Word sense disambiguation is the process of identifying correct sense in context. Ambiguity of word is a problem in Natural Language Processing. The purpose of word sense disambiguation is to automatically determine specific meaning of word in specific context so that computer can identify it. To identify correct sense, Lesk algorithm is used. This is the overlapped based approach where it does overlapping of words to find correct sense of word. In Lesk algorithm, when correct meaning of ambiguous word for given sentence cannot be get because Lesk’s approach is very sensitive to the exact words of definitions, so the absence of a certain word can radically change the results. This paper introduce a methodology which gives more importance to neighborhood words of the word to be disambiguate as its meaning is most probably depend on neighborhood words, which Lesk algorithm does not gives.

Genetic algorithm is use to solve the 0-1 knapsack problem (KP). The genetic algorithm on which this work is based on uses hashing function to store every feasible solution into the hash table. The 0-1 knapsack problem is an example of a combinatorial optimization problem, which seeks to maximize the benefit of objects in a knapsack without exceeding its capacity. Genetic algorithm is computer algorithm that search for good solution to a problem from among the large number of possible solutions.

During recent years, existence of rank reversal after adding or deleting any of alternatives has been the main criticism of AHP. According to the literature, there are three factors that seemed to play a significant role in AHP rank reversal; 1. Additive function, 2. Measurement scale and 3. Normalization method. While, many researches tried to examine the effect of each of these factors individually, there is a lack of comprehensive approach to investigate effects of all factors together.Therefore, in this paper, we see all of the factors together. In addition, similarities and differences in the model behavior in case of adding copy of best and worst alternatives have been investigated. The findings of this study reveal that some methods better than others are.For instance, logarithmic scale (for different aggregation rules and normalization method) will show better performance than other scales (minimum rank reversal),etc.

ICTs are imperative in capturing, processing and distributing the information. The information used and demanded can be put into consideration of institutional requirements as per the perspective of the end users which can improve decision making process. Due to the expansion of ICT technology “Sensor Networks” has come up as a new research area which is possible due to miniaturization of components; development of low cost and low power integrated circuits, MEMS based sensor and efficient wireless communication. One can also monitor the behavior of wildlife in a different way which was not possible through traditional means which also helps reducing chances of conflict. This paper portrays about some approaches that we have made for protection and management of wildlife. Wildlife management engrosses the application of scientific knowledge and technical skills for protection, conservation and management of wildlife and their habitat.

Kriging have been applied in different areas like geosciences, soil sciences, fisheries, hydrology, pollution, health sector and finance sector.It assumes that the distance or direction between sample points reflects a spatial correlation that can be used to explain variation in the surface. Therefore this paper highlights application of kriging on educational datasets. Results of GTU (Gujarat Technological University) for July’2010 examination of 5 zones and 40 institutes were collected. From the available zones and institute, result for unknown institute was predicted.Predicted results are significantly near to the actual.

Data mining aims at extracting only the useful information from very large databases. Association Rule Mining (ARM) is a technique that tries to find the frequent itemsets or closely associated patterns among the existing items from the given database. Traditional methods of frequent itemset mining, assumes that the data is centralized and static which impose excessive communication overhead when the data is distributed, and they waste computational resources when the data is dynamic. To overcome this, Utility Pattern Mining Algorithm is proposed, in which itemsets are maintained in a tree based data structure, called as Utility Pattern Tree, which generates the itemset without examining the entire database, and has minimal communication overhead when mining with respect to distributed and dynamic databases. Hence, it provides faster execution, that is reduced time and cost.

The proposed approach consists ofimproving the track management by the creation and deletion of the track when occlusion or failure occurs. In this approach multiface tracking can be possible. Track creation and deletion will avoid errorness failure and improve track management. We improve the accuracy of face detection by using cascade classifiers. Also the face tracking is improved by using Haar Cascade algorithm. Haar cascade, very rarely addressed in the literature, is difficult due to object detector deficiencies or observation models that are insufficient to describe the full variability of tracked objects and deliver reliable likelihood (tracking) information. To achieve this, long-term observations from the image and the tracker itself are collected and processed in a principled way using decision tree algorithm, deciding on when to add and remove a target to the tracker. Proposed algorithm increases the performanceconsiderably with respect to state-of-the-art tracking methods not using long-term observations and HMMs.

In today’s multi-core era, it has become important for software developers to use parallelism in their applications.Today’s application incorporates threading into applications to model parallelism. It is important to understand the importance of parallelization problems so that only correct part of program can be carefully selected for parallelism. Software developer should have Knowledge of resources for implementing threading in software. In this paper we discuss various modern tools available to take advantage of parallelism and to remove problems associated with parallelism by analyzing code.

Natural Language Processing is an area of research and application that tells how computers can be used to understand and manipulate natural language text or speech to do useful things. The objective of research is to provide a Natural Language Query Interface to a non-technical user who did not aware of sentence structure of database query language and getting relevant output by generating the Structured Query Language. The paper presents the framework and query analysis to convert natural language query into structured query form and generate appropriate response in an intelligent way. The prototype system Natural – English Language Interface to Database (N-ELIDB) was developed in Java using NetBeans IDE 6.5 taking relational database SQLYog Enterprise - MySQL GUI v5.16 as backend.

Mango is considered as fruit of the king. Currently human experts do Mango grading process manually. Here method for automated grading of Mango fruit based on image processing is proposed which uses color feature extraction. Proposed method contains three phases. In first phase pre processing on captured image is performed. Region property extraction and color feature extraction is performed in second phase. Finally histogram analysis is performed and Mango is graded in three classes namely Unripe, Partially Ripe and Ripe. Color feature extraction is performed in L*a*b* color model using dominant color method. Proposed method is not limited to laboratories and can be used in the real world as it gives very high accuracy and grade Mango in real time.

Text line segmentation is an important step towards any automatic recognition of offline text document. The variation in inter-line gaps and skewed or curled text lines are some of the challenging issues in segmentation of handwritten text document. Moreover, Indian languages like Gujarati having modifier characters like matras and diacritical marks, which makes segmentation process more difficult. The selection of appropriate segmentation strategy is very important step in construction of character recognition system. This paper describes the process of line segmentation and word segmentation process in Gujarati text document. We propose technique to segment Gujarati handwritten text document image into text lines and words based on smearing technique and connected component method. This entire connected component contains extracted Gujarati words.

Learning the names of the surrounding objects like table, ball, cat etc. by the deaf and dumb children of age group of 3 to 10 years is a difficult task as compared to the normal children. These children have disability in hearing and therefore they cannot speak. Making them understand about the things around them under such condition becomes a challenge for the family who owe such child. A blind child, though, equally challenged, has only one disability. But the Deaf and the dumb child have the two, which puts the society at large in a challenging state to give them a status to live like a normal child. To really understand their feelings, one has to be like them for a moment. Educating the Deaf and Dumb (D&D) child is again more challenging because the normal method of teaching no longer works. Present work intends to implement Information Technology (IT) to build and support the teaching and learning process by incorporating graphics, animations and videos. An evaluation method helps to ascertain the level of understanding by a child.

The Internet threat monitoring (ITM) systems have been deployed to detect widespread attacks on the Internet in recent years. However, the effectiveness of ITM systems critically depends on the confidentiality of the location of their monitors. If adversaries learn the monitor locations of an ITM system, they can bypass the monitors and focus on the uncovered IP address space without being detected. In this paper, we study a new class of attacks, the invisible LOCalization (iLOC) attack. The iLOC attack can accurately and invisibly localize monitors of ITM systems. In the iLOC attack, the attacker launches low-rate port-scan traffic, encoded with a selected pseudo noise code (PN-code), to targeted networks. While the secret PN-code is invisible to others, the attacker can accurately determine the existence of monitors in the targeted networks based on whether the PN-code is embedded in the report data queried from the data center of the ITM system. We formally analyze the impact of various parameters on attack effectiveness. We implement the iLOC attack and conduct the performance evaluation on a real-world ITM system to demonstrate the possibility of such attacks. We also conduct extensive simulations on the iLOC attack using real-world traces. Our data show that the iLOC attack can accurately identify monitors while being invisible to ITM systems. Finally, we present a set of guidelines to counteract the iLOC attack.

A novel method for generic visible watermarking with a capability of lossless video recovery is proposed. The method is based on the use of deterministic one-to-one compound mappings of frame pixel values for overlaying a variety of visible watermarks of arbitrary sizes on cover videos. The compound mappings are proved to be reversible, which allows for lossless recovery of original video from watermarked video. The mappings may be adjusted to yield pixel values close to those of desired visible watermarks. The visible watermarks, the opaque monochrome watermark, are embedded as applications of the proposed generic approach. A DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) has been proposed to provide effective robustness for lossless recovery of image. Security protection measures by parameter and mapping randomizations have also been proposed to deter attackers on illicit image recoveries. Experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach are also included.

Through this paper we are focusing on how to relate M-Learning with disruptive technology. It also focuses on the ways by which the drawbacks of traditional way of learning can be overcome using M-Learning. It also lays emphasis on linking M-Learning with student centered approach of learning.

Keywords:M-Learning, Disruptive Technology, Student-Centered Learning (SCL) approach

A Network intrusion detection system (IDS) is a security layer to detect ongoing intrusive activities in computer networks and the major problem with IDS is that typically so many alarms are generated as to overwhelm the system operator, many of these being false alarms. Although smart intrusion and detection strategies are used to detect any false alarms within the network critical subnets of network infrastructures, reducing false positives is still a major challenge.

Keywords:Intrusion Alert, False Positive, False Negative, Intrusion Detection System, Data Mining, Decision Tree Classification, Network Subnets.

The Next Generation Networking (NGN) is a widely used term that offers a truly converged packet-based network solution with voice, data and media traffic (along with ISP connectivity) consolidated on a single, robust platform. NGN platform delivers a centralized, fully managed corporate grade VoIP solution to meet business challenges in a cost effective manner with a clear return on investment. Next Generation Networking (NGN) has some key architectural evolutions in telecommunication core and access networks that will be deployed over the next 5-10 years. The general idea behind NGN is that one network transports all information and services (voice, data, and all sorts of media such as video) by encapsulating these into packets, like it is on the Internet. NGNs are commonly built around the Internet Protocol, and therefore the term "all-IP" is also sometimes used to describe the transformation towards NGN.

Keywords:Next Generation Networking (NGN), Telecommunication, VoIP

Elections allow the populace to choose their representatives and express their preferences for how they will be governed. Naturally, the integrity of the election process is fundamental to the integrity of democracy itself. The election system must be sufficiently robust to withstand a variety of fraudulent behaviors and must be sufficiently transparent and comprehensible that voters and candidates can accept the results of an election. Unsurprisingly, history is littered with examples of elections being manipulated in order to influence their outcome.

Keywords:Database Systems; Electronic voting; Mobile devices; Web-based application; Wireless network interfacing; XML data representation

Information Technology is becoming more and more important for companies, permeating everything within an organization such as flows, processes, information, strategic decisions and day-to-day work. Therefore, ERP becomes increasingly important to save resources and integration departments. This research paper addressed an overview of ERP and attempted to gain an in depth understanding of ERP adoption in SMEs through act survey on literature review. The authors attempt to show how the impact of ERP systems in SMEs, which have limited resources that impose a constraint on their ability to success implementation of ERP-software.

Keywords:ERP, SME

In this paper we present the analysis and performance evaluation of ns2 to facilitate the simulation and upcoming wired & wireless networks. We have briefly explained in the table the comparison between widely used network simulators. Here we have presented the framework for ns2 to facilitate the simulation and also explained the implementation steps. We have shown the performance evaluation matrix. We have also shown the steps to bring improvement in the specified factors affecting the performance of network.

Keywords:Network Simulator, Network Tools, Performance Evaluation, Throughput, Packet Loss, Retransmission, Queue Type and Queue Size.

Once the web site becomes a popular and the access frequency from a large domain of user increase then single web server may not be able to handle high volume of incoming traffic. To provide a better service to all the clients, they need a fully replicated web server clusters. In such an environment, one of the most important issues is that of server selection (and load balancing). In web cluster, load balancing process done at Open Systems Interconnection layer 4 (Hardware Load Balancer) and layer 7 (Software Load Balancer) with typical static and dynamic load balancing approaches. In this paper we present the performance analysis of round robin, random, least connection and new execution time load balancing algorithms at layer 7 in heterogeneous web cluster. The main purpose of this paper is to help in design of new algorithms in future by studying the behavior of various static and dynamic load balancing algorithms.

Keywords:Web Cluster, load balancing, Static load balancing, Dynamic load balancing.

VoIP applications require more reliable quality of service guaranteed packet switching techniques. Load balancing is an efficient optimization technique to improve QoS. It moves the traffic from congested links to alternative paths in the network. To perform load balancing and improve link utilization Efficient Load balancing techniques for VoIP applications is proposed for Multiprotocol Label Switching networks. The proposed MPLSMR algorithm classifies the flows and finds the multiple paths for a source and destination pair. To utilize all the available paths efficiently, this algorithm first finds an intermediate node k, from the intermediate node k multiple paths which satisfy the given QoS constraints are discovered using grouping based multipath selection algorithm. The incoming flow is splitted into these paths and the packets are dispersed in weighted round robin fashion.

Keywords:MPLS, VoIP, Load balancing, Multipath routing, QoS, traffic Split.

In this paper we are analyzing the altered fingerprints and detecting fingerprints using the FSDCA. There are three types of altered fingerprints that are obliteration, distortion and imitations. Recent problems in the pattern recognition are alteration. The criminals can easily evade from their identification by altering their finger. To overcome this problem we have proposed this method

Keywords:FSDCA, Altered fingerprint, Obliteration, Distortion, Imitations

In this paper we introduce the new biometric of FOOT PRINT RECOGNITION SYSTEM. This foot image is proved to be distinct for every human being. On the image of the footprint obtained we perform pre-processing. Next we perform the vital step of feature extraction. The best part of this technique is that we use multiple feature extraction techniques. This feature from the foot image is extracted, classified and then recognized. The use of multiple feature extraction will provide us with better accuracy.

Keywords:Footprint, Gabor Filter, Wavelet, FNN, SVM

The Next Generation Networking (NGN) is a widely used term that offers a truly converged packet-based network solution with voice, data and media traffic (along with ISP connectivity) consolidated on a single, robust platform. NGN platform delivers a centralized, fully managed corporate grade VoIP solution to meet business challenges in a cost effective manner with a clear return on investment. Next Generation Networking (NGN) has some key architectural evolutions in telecommunication core and access networks that will be deployed over the next 5-10 years. The general idea behind NGN is that one network transports all information and services (voice, data, and all sorts of media such as video) by encapsulating these into packets, like it is on the Internet. NGNs are commonly built around the Internet Protocol, and therefore the term "all-IP" is also sometimes used to describe the transformation towards NGN.

Keywords:Next Generation Networking (NGN), Telecommunication, VoIP

Information is Knowledge: Knowledge is Wealth. The combinations of concept with its associative relation, in a quantitative sense is said to be valid information. Relevant information retrieval through cognitive process is our main objective of this paper. The specification of Concept with its relation in an organized way is said to be ontology. Here we use Cognition based ontology for information retrieval which can be implemented in a semantic based information retrieval system.

Keywords:Ontology, NLP, Syntactic Analysis, Semantic Analysis, OWL, Machine Learning

Code Generator is window based tool for generating code for the .NET application following MVC kind of architecture i.e. application having Presentation layer, Business layer, Data layer where data layer is calling the stored procedure in the SQL Server.

The application of Expert Systems in commerce/business domain is relatively new research area. The rapid growth of artificial intelligence has lead to the development and implementation of expert systems for the purpose of commerce/business problem solving. This generated a need for analysis and review of Expert Systems in commerce/business domain. Here a few expert systems already implemented in the area of resource allocation/ space utilization are reviewed.

Keywords:Expert systems, Explanation facility, Inference engine, Knowledge update facility, Resources allocation.

There are two approaches to address the solution, Hardware approach and software approach. The hardware approach toward multicore processors is influenced largely by technology limitations of wire delays, power efficiency and difficulty in getting Instruction Level parallelism. The evolution in software approach has lead us toward cloud computing. Today is the time where we have to think of multicore processors in emerging evolutionary concept of cloud. In this paper the misconceptions associated with the issue that the software is driven by hardware, Multicore processor everywhere means performance and multicore means the parallelism and hence the optimum speed, are raised. The Trends which are the driving force toward these misconceptions are addressed and a justifiable view of future system is presented.

Keywords:Instruction Level parallelism, Cloud computing, Hardware and Software trends.

Searches of the entire World Wide Web using search engines such as Google, Yahoo!, Bing, and Ask have become an extremely common way of locating information. Search engines are providing great facilities to the Internet users to search intended information from hundreds of millions of Web pages within a part of second. Today search engines are become more powerful and efficient by using various algorithms and technologies to provide a best result which demanded by user. Search engines now provide various added services too. One more area where search engine can also improve by keeping the track of user activity and history of visited sites which help user to carry their previous visited sites among different Web browsers, now a day it is done by Web browser only. This paper presents critical comparison of various popular search engines based on added features. A detailed analysis is presented and results are provided.

Keywords:Search Engine Evaluation, Search Engine Statistics, Feature Comparison, Search Engine Evaluation, World Wide Web.

In today's fast-paced business environment, with floods of data available, decisionmaking has become a complex task. These data contains nuggets of valuable information in hidden form, which are often not effectively utilized due to lack of suitable analytic tools and techniques. Data Mining is a buzzword for the present era. Data Mining is the non-trivial process of identifying the valid, novel, potentially useful and ultimately understandable patterns in data. However, with the advent of some technology like Data Mining, the data can now be suitably analyzed and mined to yield valuable outcomes. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is an extensive customer oriented product development process that strives for improving quality and gaining higher customer satisfaction.

Keywords:QFD, Data Mining, Data, Product Quality, Voice of customer

Wireless ad hoc sensor network becomes popular in civil and military jobs. But security is one of the significant challenges for sensor network because of their deployment in open and unprotected environment. As cryptographic mechanism is not enough to protect sensor network from external attacks, intrusion detection system needs to be introduced. Though intrusion prevention mechanism is one of the major and efficient methods against attacks, but there might be some attacks for which prevention method is not known. Besides preventing the system from some known attacks, intrusion detection system gather necessary information related to attack technique and help in the development of intrusion prevention system.

Keywords:WSN, IDS, Hierarchical Design, Security, Sensor Node, Cluster Node, Regional Node, Base Station

Securing Mobile ad hoc net work is a challenging task due to the lack of trust among nodes. In this paper we analysis various trust models for Mobile ad hoc network and then propose a trust evaluation model for mobile ad hoc network which estimating trust level of supplicant nodes by Evaluating and analysis node behavior. This model also designed to detect compromised nodes inside the environment and to isolating the compromised and misbehavior nodes from the network. This model also tested through introducing misbehavior nodes and compromised nodes into the environment and the result shows that the model is highly effective in detecting misbehavior node and compromised nodes over various other security models for Mobile ad hoc network.

Keywords:MANET, Trust, Node Misbehavior, Compromised Node.

Mobile phones have made a bigger difference to the lives of people, more quickly, than any previous communications technology. They have spread the fastest and proved the easiest and cheapest to adopt. It is estimated that more than 5 billion people currently have mobile phones and more than 6 billion will have them in 2013. Mobile phones have already started functioning as more than just communications devices. Mobiles serve various functionalities like watch, alarm, calculator, calendar, reminder, games etc. Smartphones are fastest and becoming a feasible alternative to PDAs and laptops, offering phone features such as voice and SMS coupled with mobile internet applications, multimedia functionality, high speed data processing capabilities, and inbuilt GPS capabilities.

Keywords:Mobile Operating System, Android, Windows OS, i-Phone OS, Feature of OS, Security in OS.

This study bridges the gap between the software Industry and Academia through improvisation of some technique into one methodology. The main objective of this article is three-fold: 1) to focus upon development practices used by small software firm. 2) to study the documentation practices in small software firm and suggest one type of documentation practice which will be beneficial for the current practice 3) to find the solution of problem faced by the small firm while materializing the requirement story board drawn by the client into cost estimation. Together with these a simple and easy to use empirical formula for the evaluation of the cost for the Agile development of a medium-size software has been proposed from the past resultant data of development.

Keywords:Agile, SDLC, Software Development, Extreme Programming, SCRUM

Sequential probability ratio test is developed for testing the hypothesis regarding the parameter of a Generalized Maxwell distribution. The expressions for the operating characteristics (OC) and average sample number (ASN) functions are derived. For the purpose of plotting the OC and ASN functions different approaches are used.

Keywords:Generalized Maxwell distribution, SPRT, OC and ASN functions, Newton-Raphson method.

The use of state of art wireless sensor networks in various day to day problems require spatio-temporal distribution of sensed data to get the clear vision of the data and its pattern. As large no of sensor nodes are broadcasted in a certain area, locating their position posses a challenge to us. This paper discusses various ways to find the internode distances by measuring communicational parameters like RSS, AoA, ToA etc. These parametric measurements finally lead to the plotting of network. While dealing with the topological challenges the limitations of all the deterministic and probabilistic methods are discussed here. Finally the suitability of various techniques in different WSN applications is presented.

Keywords:wireless sensor networks, localization, spatio temporal distribution.

Conflict Resolution (an intervention aimed at alleviating or eliminating electronic discord through conciliation) as a business theme is more important than ever in today's fast paced world of e-business and globalization. The significance of an efficient financial reporting and the Internet in human lives cannot be understated. Investors and users of the Internet need accurate and reliable financial information that can be delivered promptly to help them make informed financial decisions. The Internet embodies the importance of technology, its role in resolving disputes, and its impact on the increasing globalization of business, information, and culture. XBRL means Extensible Business Reporting Language. It is an open specification which uses Extensible Markup Language (XML) based data tags to describe financial statements for both public and private companies. It uses accepted financial reporting standards and practices to exchange financial statements across all software and technologies, including the Internet. It is a twenty-first century digital business reporting language which allows software vendors, programmers, intermediaries in the information preparation and distribution process and end users who adopt it as a specification to enhance the creation, exchange, and comparison of business reporting information. This paper, using the secondary data methodology approach suitable for large expository research, presents the advent of the XBRL technology and framework, its history and why it is essential. It reveals the relationship between XBRL and emerging e-standards, highlights the XBRL as a vital support for e-business, and showcases the largest XBRL e-government project in the world. This research finds that XBRL streamlines the financial information supply chain that includes public and private companies, the accounting profession, data aggregators, the investment community and all other users of financial statements. Findings also show that XBRL offers several key benefits like technology independence, full interoperability, efficient preparation of financial statements and reliable extraction of financial information. This work recommends that organizations/investors in every industry, regulatory bodies, professional associations, government, and educational institutions must embrace the XBRL in order not to suffer obsolescence and uncompetitiveness.

Keywords:Conflict Resolution, XBRL, data aggregators, secondary data methodology, XML, distribution process.

Analysis is a process of understanding data more precisely. The process of analysis differs according to the data we are trying to analyze. Typical steel product manufacturing involves many processes running 24*7 in sequence comprising of different process units. These process units have sensors generating useful data for process control. These parameters have to be analyzed and monitored in real time to get a good quality product.

The conventional methods to analyze these data are inefficient. Hence, in this paper we present an approach for analysis that combines various process control and quality control parameters, uses online analytical processing (OLAP) system and provides flexibility to the user for necessary analysis.

Keywords:Data Warehouse, Online Analytical Processing, Statistical Process Control, Statistical Quality Control, Cube.

India is rated second largest country in the world for its population. India still is a developing country and is progressing towards financial stability. Various different banks exists abide by the rule of Reserve Bank of India. To make India strengthen economically banks are issuing loans to people, institutes, industries and countries. Hence there is a need of an effective guiding system for banks that advice bank authorities how to give loans, what are different plans for loans are possible, what is the maximum revenue that can be earned from a business loan. The paper presents an effective advisory system for banks to take such crucial decision. The proposed system is developed with artificial neural networks and type 2 fuzzy logic. The structure of artificial neural network, training data, fuzzy membership functions used and implementation details are also discussed in this paper.

Keywords:Artificial Neural Networks, Type 2 Fuzzy Logic, Neuro-Fuzzy Systems, Bank Loan.

Data retrieval is mainly concerned with exact field value matching. But the relevant value may be little bit different than the exact value. In this case, we may lose important data to process. The effectiveness of a retrieval system strongly depends on the result it retrieves. In such cases, users who have knowledge of regular expression can pose query in that way. But generally users who operate applications are not aware of such tricks. e.g. In Student management system, operator is usually of clerical level. In such situations data retrieval may fail even if data exist in system. In this paper, this point is taken into consideration and an algorithm is developed to process and search structured data in order to get all the relevant information. We deal with real world entity names like Employees, Students, Products, etc., rather than considering its meanings and synonyms.

Keywords:Misspelled Queries, Information retrieval, Matching Similar Data, Similarity Algorithms.

Telecommunication companies generate a tremendous amount of data. These data include call detail data, which describes the calls that traverse the telecommunication networks, network data, which describes the state of the hardware and software components in the network, and customer data, which describes the telecommunication customers. There are several applications where telecommunication data mining can be used to uncover useful information buried within these data sets. The primary applications are, to identify telecommunication fraud, to improve marketing effectiveness, and to identify network faults. The new emerging telecom data mining applications are industry specific like bank marketing system, city planning system, census data management system, etc. In this paper we have presented a Telecommunication Data warehouse Model to discover knowledge regarding mobility patterns and traffic density in the cellular network for the prediction of road demand that can be helpful to the city planners to make effective decisions using cellular network usage data.

Keywords:Data Warehouse, Road Traffic Management, Telecommunications.

Databases are they key component in any product or Enterprise system. As multiple versions of these products and systems have been rolled out over the years, a need has been felt to define a database upgrade methodology to overcome the multiple issues that ISVs (Independent Software Vendors) face with ad-hoc upgrade strategies. This paper attempts to summarize the drawbacks of the conventional upgrade approach; recommend the key components of a database upgrade and define their boundaries, roles and responsibilities. Finally, the paper also presents recommendations for changes to the conventional SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle).

Keywords:databases, upgrade, methodology, transformation, product, software development, SDLC, ISV

Intrusion detection is the technique of detecting malicious traffic on a network or a device. It is one of the critical network security components against emerging intrusions techniques and attacks. In this paper we present a survey of different intrusion detection approaches. Intrusion Detection Systems based on Genetic Algorithm are currently attracting researchers due to its inherent potential. Intrusion detection faces various challenges like reliably detect malicious activity and perform efficiently to cope with the large amount of network traffic. Here we have analyzed the present research challenges and issues in Genetic Algorithm based intrusion detection. Finally we carry out our experiments based on our sample Genetic Algorithm using KDD Cup 99 data set. The main contribution of the implementation is the understanding of challenges in Genetic Algorithm based intrusion detection.

Keywords:Security, Challenges, Genetic Algorithm, Intrusion Detection.

In this paper Author has described different issues of handwritten date segmentation task briefly along with its techniques. The paper describes a system develop to segments handwritten date information specifically written on bank checks. A system uses a newly adopted segmentation-based strategy. In order to achieve high performance in terms of efficiency and reliability, a knowledge-based module is proposed in order to segments the date. The interaction between the segmentation and recognition stages is properly established by using Segmented-Date generation and evaluation modules. The paper concludes with the current status of the effort made in segmentation of handwritten dates and future enhancement in the same direction.

Keywords:OCR, Segmentation, Pattern-based grammar.

Data mining has been used in this e-commerce for some time already. It has many applications in this field such as: searching for patterns in transactional data, preparation of personalization application, etc. With the proliferation of the electronic commerce e-purchasing has become a daily practice for many purchasing organizations. To embrace e-purchasing successfully, these organization should identify determinants that are crucial for its successful adoption. In an effort to identify such determinants, including organizational readiness, information technology infrastructure, and user characteristics, we propose a novel generic algorithm-based data mining technique. The application of the proposed data mining technique to empirical data that were collected through a mail survey proves to be useful for extracting hidden, but valuable insights into the successful implementation of e-purchasing.

Keywords: DM , E-Purchasing , E-Commerce , GA

With the advent of Internetworking and evolvement of web technologies, business needs, especially isolated service requests/components, put a new demand on new software architecture. Service-oriented Architecture (SOA), as the next generation software architecture, and through the utilization of the web service, XML and other related techno logies provides viable working solution to implement dynamic e-business.

Keywords: SOA, grid, service, loose coupling, web services, hot spot leveling,

This paper describes a simulation model to predict the progression of diabetics using non-pathogenic data. Simulation modeling is part of bioinformatics as bioinformatics is a management information system for molecular biology, computational biology, population modeling, numerical simulations and has many practical applications. Here we have used simulation model to diagnose disease and disease risk from the symptoms of an organism and some factors.

Keywords: Simulation and modeling, diabetes, non-pathological data.

In this study an attempt has been made to determine the factors which Maybelline customers keep in mind when they buy their products. We randomly selected 30 respondents from various parts of Surat city and they were asked to rank ten statements regarding Maybelline products on a 7-point scale. On the basis of data thus collected and applying Factor Analysis we arrived at the following conclusions:

It is found that three factors have been extracted from ten variables using Factor Analysis (data reduction technique) using SPSS 11. All these three factors viz. Eye Catching Effect', 'Effective Fragrance', 'Campaigning with Care by Maybelline' or 'Maybelline's Publicity Policy' contributed about 73 percent variation in Consumers' perception about Maybelline's product in Surat city.

Keywords: Factor Analysis, KMO and Bartlett's Test, Scree plot, Principle Components

Genetic Algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks are soft computing methods inspired and motivated by the biological computational process. Neural Networks are highly simplified models of human nervous system which shows ability to adapt circumstances and learn from past experience at same time. Genetic algorithms are adaptive search and optimization algorithms, inspired by process of biological evolution. As prediction of stock market is important issue in finance, Artific ial Neural Networks have been used in stock market prediction since last decade. The Hybridization of Neural Network with Genetic Algorithm is performed for the purpose of investigating better methods of problem solving. Genetic Algorithm is doing optimization of Neural Network. Here the prediction of stock behavior is done using this Hybrid Approach.

Keywords: GA-Genetic Algorithm; NN-Neural Network; BP-Back Propagation; ANN-Artificial Neural Network; EMHEfficient Market Hypothesis; BPN-Back Propagation Network.

The Indian Market is flooded with the Information Technology Jargons. E-Business is the Buzzword, which every marketer and aware customer is chanting. However, if we dig into reality a little further, this proliferation of information technology seems to be restricted to few privileged parts of the country and still fewer sections of the public/private sectors of India n market. The real challenge of using Information Technology for our benefit lies in the fact that ordinary players in the market is yet to be educated on the functionalities of technology and the hurdles lying in the path of making technology work for them.

This paper will describe the challenges of e-Business in context to India. The country which is more than one billion of population, e-Business is still have lot of scope to grow. This paper examines why India is lagging behind in e-Business when India is having information technology resources, vast number of well-established business organizations and a foundation for all sorts of Business-opportunities.

Keywords: e-Business, challenges, benefits, and information superhighway

Game-playing systems have search engines at the core of the application. Although single processor machines are becoming faster every year, researchers are always looking for increased speed, since that will improve the quality of their gameplaying systems. Faster machines provides deeper searches and a better quality of play-which can be taken one step further by using a large number of machines in parallel. Parallel game-playing systems use multiple processors to cooperate in computing the game-tree. Games like chess, checkers, go needs exponential computations. To get better results in selecting the steps in these games deeper depths are to be considered. As the depth of game tree increases the number of computation increases. Single processor system is not feasible to get the better results. In such cases we need multiple processors for evaluating the game tree. The whole game tree is distributed on multiple processors for getting better esults. Parallel MINMAX is a game tree search algorithm distributed on multiple processors.

Keywords: Game playing, Parallel MIN-MAX, game tree search algorithm

This paper examines the issue of quality of education in India. The paper recognizes quality of education as one of the most widely used and spoken of concept in India, although, very little or no unanimity with regard to its meaning has been reached. This is essentially true in higher education as compared to industry where clearly definable products with quantifiable qualities exist. The 'product of higher education is intangible and the customer very difficult to identify. However, in India today, there is mounting concern about the state of education at all levels. This is rooted in the realization that literacy levels and academic achievement will determine individual's job attainment and earning as well as the general economic well being of the society. Moreover, the quality of life in the society will be affected by the level and quality of social skills acquired in educational institutes. It is in line with this that the paper looks at the various issues bordering on quality of higher education in India and suggests different options and strategies which can be used to improve the quality of education, especially, at the university level. Thus, the following questions will be answered in the paper: How is quality perceived? Can it be measured? What is the interrelationship between internal and external assessment procedures? How can educational institutes deal with quality improvement and development within the context of Total Quality Management (TQM)?

The quality has become integral feature of the education all over the world. We are continually faced with quality initiatives and controls, not only from central governments but also from awarding bodies. Often, these quality initiatives are also incorporated into appraisal schemes and in Total Quality Management (TQM). This study examines literature relating to TQM, quality assurance, and quality enhancement and also considers the impact an interpretive approach to quality would have on the pedagogic practice of tertiary institutions. The role of university management is to provide the vision and the making of that vision a reality through encouragement and active participation in quality oriented exercise. This paper will provide a framework toward achieving this.

Keywords: Total Quality Management, Academia, PDCA Approach

Agile methodologies are emerging and gaining popularity in industry. To help our students grow into efficient software developers, in addition to good analysts and managers, we must instill into them the best methodologies for software development. Pair programming is a methodology in which two people work together and periodically switch between the roles of driver and navigator. Instead of partitioning a task into a number of activities, where each member performs a different activity alone, in pair work both partners perform each activity together. This paper presents the results of a study to assess the pattern (which we claim is similar to agile type methodologies) in software development procedures of student groups in a university setting. It is seen that vision and talent incorporated with structure and tools can serve as a good process model. This is to say that, a balance of agile and process driven approach is reportedly achieving the best performance.

Keywords: Agile method, Empirical approach, Process models, Software development.

The introduction of Linux operating system into the embedded sector has been one of the most exciting changes in the last few years. Based on the open-source model, it offers new possibilities to embedded engineers traditionally used to commercial operating systems. Qt for Embedded Linux (formerly known as Qtopia Core) is the leading application framework for the developing a (For Region Language - Gujarati) mobile-application and mobile based kernel system as well as single-purpose devices powered by embedded Linux. It provides a robust and proven development environment inherited from the Qt cross-platform application framework and key components developed specifically for embedded Linux. Qt for Embedded Linux enables manufacturers to efficiently create devices with applications that are tailored to market needs specifically Gujarati Language.

Keywords: Qt, Linux, Qtopia, Cross-platform, Gujarati Language, mobile application, mobile based kernel.

Data hiding is, mainly related to the possibility of perceiving the presence of an object by means of human sight. There are many ways, by which perceptual model can be incorporated into data hiding system to control perceptibility of data. In this work author implements, model for simple adjustment of a global embedding strength, based on cover image. Whitening filter is used at decoder which helps to de-correlate samples of received image, and improve performance of system. Work encompasses Watson perceptual model.

Keywords: Data Mining, Spatial Data, Data Hiding Technique.

There is a general opinion that providing internet access to colleges will result in the delivery of better quality education to greater numbers of students. But this expectation is not realized in practice. In academic institutions more number of students are wasting time on accessing email and browsing irrelevant sites. It reduces the quality of education because most of them are confused by using the pool of unstructured information on the web. In this context, Knowledge Grid is a well structured framework that takes inputs from number of domain experts. The said prototype model in this paper attempts to take up the challenges of appropriate use of IT infrastructure in the field of education using a knowledge enabling approach.

Keyword: OLE, AGS, Transnet

Depending upon the extraordinary power of Quantum Computing Algorithms various branches like Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Information Technology, Quantum Teleportation have emerged [1-4]. It is thought that this power of Quantum Computing Algorithms can also be successfully applied to many combinatorial optimization problems.

In this article, a class of combinatorial optimization problem is chosen as case study under Quantum Computing. These problems are widely believed to be unsolvable in polynomial time. Mostly it provides suboptimal solutions in finite time using best known classical algorithms. Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one such problem to be studied here. A great deal of effort has already been devoted towards devising efficient algorithms that can solve the problem [5-18]. Moreover, the methods of finding solutions for the TSP with Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithms [5-8] do not provide the exact solution to the problems for all the cases, excepting a few. A successful attempt has been made to have a deterministic solution for TSP by applying the power of Quantum Computing Algorithm.

Keywords: Quantum Computing, Travelling Salesman Problem, Quantum algorithms.

Character recognition is major concern since its inspiration. So, far very limited progress has been made in it, specifically for Indian languages. In this paper authors have presented recognition of offline computer generated and printed Gujarati characters. To identify characters authors used modify version of Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based algorithm. The system is trained and tested for different font size of Gujarati characters. Keywords: Offline Typed Characters, Character Recognition, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), HMM

In this era of Knowledge, organizations can gain competitive advantage only by proficient data analysis. This paper emphasizes on application of clustering in context free data cleaning by correcting values of attributes, using various sequence similarity metrics, where reference data set is not available, to improve the quality of data which in turn lead to eminent data analysis. Authors propose an algorithm to examine suitability of value to correct other values of attributes. Various sequence similarity metrics were used, to find distance of two values of attributes, to test the data and generate results. Experimental results show how the approach can effectively clean the data without reference data.

Keywords: Clustering, Context free data cleaning, Sequence similarity metrics.

Testing is an equally important and critical phase as analysis and design for successful deployment of any software. Traditional testing and integration have been manual and time consuming. Concept of automation of testing process has been around for a while and has been deployed and successfully used. But as complexity of software systems began to increase and as organizations preferred to impose more processing on software, the traditional automation was no longer sufficient. Automation Framework concept was introduced for the integration and testing of these systems and many off-the-shelf frameworks were introduced. These frameworks, however, have not been able to provide the automation solutions as they promise. More often than not, most organizations have to use these frameworks as just another tool in the plethora of tools they have purchased and also rely on internal resources to achieve the desired results. Additionally, most organizations have proprietary protocol implementations as well as in-house tools that are widely used by developers and system testers to validate the software.

What we are discussing in this paper is how organizations can efficiently create an Automation Test Framework (ATF) using the combination of off-the-shelf tools, in-house tools, General Purpose License (GPL) tools and various high level scripting languages. The proposed ATF consists of a User Interface, Driver Application, Execution Engine, Unit Under Test (UUT), Verification Engine and a Reporting Engine. The case study describes the implementation of such an Automation Framework for a multi-layered multimedia delivery software system.

Keywords: ATF, Automation, Frameworks, Integration, Testing

This paper is an attempt to find the various factors which affects customer buying behavior in apparel category market in India esp. Delhi/NCR. The impact of various buying factors like sales and promotions, placement of products, window merchandising, effective price strategy etc on customer buying behavior have been analyzed. Kotler's black box model has been used as the basis of the current study to understand the consumer buying behavior in Apparel Industry. The study is based on the primary data collected from Koutons and Cotton County retail stores from the area of Delhi and NCR regions with the help of structured questionnaire.

Keywords: consumer buying behaviour, apparel retail, visual merchandising

The paper illustrates the concept of liquidity management with reference to The Surat Textile's Traders Co-Operative Bank Ltd., Surat, using seven parameters viz: current ratio, liquidity ratio, cash position ratio, short-term investment to current assets ratio, shortterm advances to current assets ratio and short-term investment & short-term advances to short-term deposits ratio.

Keywords: Data Mining, Spatial Data, Data Hiding Technique.

Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a product development process that encompasses a sheer amount of data gathered from customers through several market research techniques like personal interview, focus groups, surveys, video conferencing etc. This massive, unsorted and unstructured data is required to be transformed into a limited number of structured information to represent the actual 'Customer Needs'. However the process is tedious and time consuming and cannot be dealt with manually. In order to address these issues, this paper proposes a futuristic software framework based on an Affinity Process. The paper begins with the topic introduction and outlines the QFD process. The paper then describes the Affinity Process, builds the data structure and then makes an attempt to build the proposed framework using tools Visual Basic (VB) and MSAccess. The proposed framework is developed as a part of QFD software and it is anticipated that when completely developed, it would act as a vital component of QFD software.

Keywords: QFD, Affinity Process, Visual Basic, MS-Access, Software, Customer Needs.

The paper presents the comparative analysis of signature recognition and verification using Neural Networks. Three well-known and widely used Neural Networks viz. Support Vector Machines, Multilayer Perceptron and Radial Basis Function Network have been used. Each network differs from the other in the manner it approaches the signature given for recognition and verification. A signature database is collected using intrapersonal variations for evaluation. For every 6 training examples, 4 are used to test the signatures based on various features like false rejection rate, false acceptance rate, equal error rate, and average error rate. The merits and demerits of all the approaches are evaluated and hence the results of numerical experiments are given and analyzed in the paper. In this paper an off-line Recognition and Verification is done with the objective of performance comparison. The comparison of the three networks is done with respect to the complexity of the structure as well as the accuracy of expected results so that the forgeries can be minimized.

Keywords: Neural Networks, offline Signature Verification, Multilayer Perception, Support Vector Machine, Radial Basis Function Network.

The Web harbors a large number of communities - groups of content-creators sharing a common interest - each of which manifests it self as a set of interlinked Web pages. New groups and commercial Web directories together contain of the order of 20,000 such communities; our particular interest here is on particular topic based communities. There is a type of information called Unexpected Information, which is of great interest. Finding unexpected information is useful in many applications. For example, it is useful for a company to find unexpected information about its competitors, e.g., unexpected services and products that its competitors offer. With this information, the company can learn from its competitors and/or design counter measures to improve its competitiveness. The research tries to form a group of common objective web sites and then derive information by comparing those web sites. The research proposes a methodology through which we can group all those same type of web sites and can find out some unexpected information from it.

Keywords: Web Unite, Web Mining, Information Extraction

Continuously growing needs for Internet applications that transmit massive amount of data has led to the emergence of high speed networks. The primary factor hindering the flow of Traffic is Network Congestion. Data transfer must take place without any congestion. The Internet carries certain critical data and information which need to be delivered to the receiver at all cost. Thus Congestion Detection plays a key role in high speed networks. The Traditional TCP has been used over the years to detect and control Congestion. Various algorithms such as ECN, DECbit, RED Queue Mechanism are adopted by TCP to detect Congestion. In this paper, a rational mechanism utilizing XCP protocol is used. Adopting the techniques of a new congestion detection module with effective feedback mechanism and modified window adjustment is achieved. A Separate Congestion Detection Module is developed to detect and inform immediate Congestion Detection and Control. The feedback parameters are calculated based on arrival rate, service rate, traffic rate and queue size. Resulting in no drastic decrease in window size, better increase in sending rate because of which there is a continuous flow of data without congestion. Therefore as a result of this, there is a maximum increase in throughput, high utilization of the bandwidth and minimum delay. The result of the proposed work is presented as a graph based on throughput, delay and window size. Thus in this paper, XCP protocol is well illustrated and the various parameters for Congestion Detection are thoroughly analyzed and adequately presented.

Keywords: TCP/IP, Congestion Detection, Window Management, Feedback Control, Queue Management, Explicit Control Protocol.

For better living, it is very important to pay attention to various aspects of life like securities, safety and comfort. Our home can be made secure in almost all respect using automatic embedded control system. The system provides security against burglary and various disaster conditions like fire, flood, cyclones, etc... In which control system continuously observes different parameters like temperature, smoke, wind velocity etc... and compares with the standard data fed to the system. If the system detects any abnormal condition then control systems works out the coordinate of the abnormality and alert users as well as pass on the information to the base control system for further action. The system can be constructed using embedded hardware with appropriate firmware program. The RC-5 protocol can be used to establish communication link between measurement/primary control systems to base control system.

Keywords: RC-5 Protocol, Embedded system, Base control system(BCS),Central Control System(CCS) Home security.

Research into design rationale in the past has focused on argumentation-based design deliberations. These approaches cannot be used to support change impact analysis effectively because the dependency between design elements and decisions are not well represented and cannot be quantified. Without such knowledge, designers and architects cannot easily assess how changing requirements and design decisions may affect the system. We apply Bayesian Network Model (BNM), to capture the probabilistic causal relationships between design elements and decisions. We employ three different BNMbased reasoning methods to analyze the trade-off between the conflicting quality attributes. Markov blanket discovery algorithms can be used for quality assessment BNMs. Additionally, work will be done to determine how known optimization methods such as Tabu search may be applied in the context of the proposed framework. Ultimately, the goal is to create a possibility of automatic execution of steps involved in architectural optimization.

Keywords: Bayesian Network Model (BNM), Architectural Tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAM) Software Architectural Analysis Method (SAAM), Software Architecture Assessment using Bayesian Networks (SAABNet), Stake Holders Expects(SHE) , and Markov Blanket (MB).

Many large organizations have multiple data sources, while putting all data together from different sources might amass a huge database for centralized processing. Data mining involves the exploration and analysis of large amounts of data in order to discover meaning patterns. Data mining association rules at different data sources and forwarding the rules to the centralized company headquarter provides a feasible way to deal with multiple data source problems. However, the forwarded rules from different data sources may be too many for the centralized company headquarter to use. Therefore, there is a need to find high frequency rules that have major role in decision making process.

A weighting method is proposed in this paper for identifying valid rules among the large number of forwarded rules from different data sources. Valid rules are the rules which are supported by most of the branches of an organization. Hence this method is applied to rank the rules based on patient perceived service qualities in a hospital. Experimental results show that this proposed weighting model is efficient and effective.

Keywords: Association based data mining , Data reduction, weights, SERVQUAL scale.

Computer programming is important today, simply because technology has taken over the globe for over a decade now. Several new programming languages are coming at a regular interval; usually supporting programming in English language. Very limited worked were available to support programming in regional language. In this paper, authors have presented development of Programming Language (GPL) that support programming in regional language Gujarati.

Keywords: Programming Language, Compiler, Integrated Development Environment, Scanner, Parser, Unicode

This Research article gives brief overview of IT Enabled Services scenario in India. It explains in brief the meaning of IT Enabled Services and also covers various services which have been identified as IT Enabled Services. It also throws some light on opportunities available to the industry. The author has also tried to identify some of the challenges and roadblocks present in the way of growth of IT Enabled Services in India.

Keywords: IT enabled services, brand equity, IT infrastructure

Packing problems are optimization problem encountered in many areas of business and industries and have wide applications. These problems look for good arrangement of multiple items in some larger containing regions with an objective to maximize the utilization of resource materials. 2D packing problem has wide industrial applications starting from small scale industries related to leather, furniture, glass, metal, and wood to large scale industries dealing with textile, garments, paper, shipbuilding, automobiles and VLSI design. It has been observed that using automated nesting solutions based on heuristics prove to be better over conventional methods where very few intuitive arrangements were tried by experienced craftsmen and in that case final layouts were dependent on the dexterity of skilled craftsperson. In this paper authors have summarized the different approaches used to solve 2D packing problem along with their industrial applications. Accordingly, this study is an academic review of the industrial applications of 2D packing problem.

Keywords: Packing problem, Trim Loss problem, Rectangle Packing, Bin Packing, Cutting and Packing.

Enterprise data warehouses are often very large systems and serve many user communities. Data warehouse play a key role in the business intelligence and crucial decision making. In addition to the normal data warehouse functionalities, they require flexible and powerful security features. It is expected that the security capabilities must seamlessly be incorporated in an environment which has stringent performance and scalability requirements.This paper advocates new concept of security design i.e. depicting security mechanisms at conceptual design stage itself using multidimensional modeling. VPD has been selected as the tool to be used in the implementation phase that satisfies the security mechanism depicted at the design stage.

Keywords: Data warehouse security, multidimensional modeling, conceptual design, VPD, dimensional level security, attribute level security, row level security.

The discovery of objects with exceptional behavior is an outstanding challenge from a knowledge discovery standpoint and has received considerable attention in many applications such as network attacks, fraud detection. This paper proposes a simple clustering based algorithm to detect outlying objects. The main problem for network intrusion detection system is the ability to exploit ambiguities in the traffic stream. Network-Based Intrusion Detection monitors network traffic for particular network segment and analyzes the network and application protocol activity to identify suspicious activity. There are several recently developed outlier detection schemes to detect attacks in a network. In this paper, the proposed algorithm is applied to network intrusion detection system to detect ambiguities or violations in the network traffic stream.

Keywords: Outlier Detection, Clustering, Network based Intrusion Detection

One of the biggest problems that most companies have regarding security technology is that they don't develop a strategy for implementation. Many companies seem to have the attitude that implementing a single technology, such as firewalls, will make them secure. In reality, just putting a firewall in place is not enough: That firewall has to be designed and configured properly for it to do its job successfully, and it must be used in concert with other security measures. And all these security measures must be properly integrated with the current network.

Secure communication is no different from information security: You have to pick the right tools, implement them properly, and train users to use them in their daily work.

This paper will look at the kind of assessment involved in developing a secure communications strategy that might include stego and crypto.

Keywords: Steganography, Cryptography, Communication, public key steganography, private key steganography, Steganalysis

One of the biggest problems that most companies have regarding security technology is that they don't develop a strategy for implementation. Many companies seem to have the attitude that implementing a single technology, such as firewalls, will make them secure. In reality, just putting a firewall in place is not enough: That firewall has to be designed and configured properly for it to do its job successfully, and it must be used in concert with other security measures. And all these security measures must be properly integrated with the current network.

Secure communication is no different from information security: You have to pick the right tools, implement them properly, and train users to use them in their daily work.

This paper will look at the kind of assessment involved in developing a secure communications strategy that might include stego and crypto.

Keywords: Steganography, Cryptography, Communication, public key steganography, private key steganography, Steganalysis

The Telnet, rlogin, rcp, rsh commands have a number of security weakness: all communications are in clear text and no machine authentication takes place. These commands are open to eavesdropping and tcp/ip address spoofing. SSH uses public/private key RSA authentication to check the identity of communicating peer machines, encryption of all data exchanged (with strong algorithms such as blowfish, 3DES, IDEA etc.). In this paper we proposed an IDS for encrypted access with SSH2 protocol to network public servers. Our proposed system detects the intrusions based on transferred data size and timing, which are available without decryption. The results reveal that the proposed system work well for different kinds of intrusions. Pre-operations are not needed and privacy is not violated. The detection is based on anomaly detection, which relies on the frequency of similar accesses and the characteristics of usual HTTP accesses.

Keywords: IDS, SSH, SSH2, MD5,MAC

Adaptive Multimedia Content Retrieval and Delivery for small displays is one of the challenges faced by Multimedia Community. Input video is transformed to an output video by utilizing manipulations at multiple levels (signals, structural or semantics) to meet diverse resource constraints and user preferences with optimizing overall utility of the video. The proposed system is developed to display the retrieved video shot, by motion trajectories of individual object, in a small displays. This system needs video shots as the inputs whose motion vectors are extracted by using exhaustive search algorithm. This shot-level motion feature is linked across the consecutive frames of shot to form the motion trajectories. Remove redundant trajectories and preserve one motion trajectory from all the similar motion trajectories. The representative object motion trajectory is stored in a database. Query interface which allows users to search for similar video shots by giving query video clip as input. Similarity matching algorithm is used to retrieve similar video shot from the database by comparing their motion trajectories. In this paper, next, in order to display those retrieved video shots in a small display, shape information of moving objects are extracted using Region- Growing algorithm. The segmented foreground is scaled down and re-integrated with the repaired and directly resized background to deliver effective video shot for small displays.

Keywords: Motion Trajectory, Exhaustive Search algorithm, Douglas - Peucker algorithm, Region Growing algorithm, Content-based video retrieval (CBVR).

Character recognition is major research area since its inspiration. So, far very limited progress has been made in it, specifically for Indian languages. Recognition of Gujarati script is a less studied area and no significant attempt is made so far to recognize Gujarati glyphs. In this paper we have presented a simple yet robust solution for recognition of offline multi-font computer generated and machine printed Gujarati Numerals. Pursued by the pre-processing techniques, we used a method called correlation based template matching where a numeral is identified by analyzing its shape and comparing its features that distinguish each numeral. The system appears to be very robust against font variations and large shape variations.

Keywords: Template, Correlation, Segmentation, Normalization, Probability, etc.

Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a product development process that encompasses a sheer amount of data gathered from customers through several market research techniques like personal interview, focus groups, surveys, video conferencing etc. This massive, unsorted and unstructured data is required to be transformed into a limited number of structured information to represent the actual 'Customer Needs'. However the process is tedious and time consuming and cannot be dealt with manually. In order to address these issues, this paper proposes a futuristic software framework based on an Affinity Process. The paper begins with the topic introduction and outlines the QFD process. The paper then describes the Affinity Process, builds the data structure and then makes an attempt to build the proposed framework using tools Visual Basic (VB) and MS-Access. The proposed framework is developed as a part of QFD software and it is anticipated that when completely developed, it would act as a vital component of QFD software.

Keywords: QFD, Affinity Process, Visual Basic, MS-Access, Software, Customer Needs.

Biological data integration is considered to be one the most important and challenging tasks in bioinformatics. The scientific achievements greatly depend on the integrated view of largely diverse set of data. Biological data reside in hundreds of database and there is no single database providing an integrated view of data. It greatly invokes the need of data integration. Though they are different approaches for data integration like data warehouse, federation, webservices; each has its own pros and cons and challenges of implementation. In this research paper, we have proposed a framework using virtual database to integrate different biological data sources.

Keywords: Data Integration, Data Warehouse, Data Federation, Webservice, virtual database

The paper investigates the nature and pattern of Volatility of National Stock Exchange (NSE)'s price index namely S & P CNX Nifty. The data include daily observations for NSE price index covering period from 1st January, 2000 to 10th September, 2007. Various volatility estimators and diagnostics tests suggest certain stylized facts about volatility like volatility clustering, mean reverting and asymmetry. Lagrange Multiplier test indicates the presence of ARCH effect in the stock market. The paper applies family of ARCH models to examine the asymmetric volatility of the NSE. We find that first order GARCH model fits the data better than high order ARCH models. Our analysis suggests that the EGARCH and TARCH models outperform the conventional symmetrical GARCH models. The estimated TARCH and EGARCH parameters show that the impact of news is asymmetric, indicating there is an existence of leverage effect in future price of the stock. The Leverage effect is captured well by TARCH models in Nifty. Application of ARCH-M models found no strong evidence for high return during the period of high volatility.

Keywords: Volatility, Volatility clustering, ARCH, GARCH, EGARCH, TARCH, ARCH-M, JEL Classification: C22, C52

Intrusion detection system is one of the widely used tools for defense in Computer Networks. In literature, plenty of research is published on Intrusion Detection Systems. In this paper we present a survey of Intrusion Detection Systems. We survey the existing types, techniques and approaches of Intrusion Detection Systems in the literature. Finally we propose a new architecture for Intrusion Detection System and outline the present research challenges and issues in Intrusion Detection System.

Keywords: Intrusion Detection, Neural Network, Fuzzy logic, Artificial Intelligence, Honeypot, Data mining.

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a simple, very flexible text format, originally designed to meet the challenges of large-scale electronic publishing. XML is also playing an increasingly important role in the exchange of a wide variety of data on the Web and elsewhere[1]. XML's design goals emphasize simplicity, generality, and usability over the Internet[2]. Although XML's design focuses on documents, it is widely used for the representation of arbitrary data structures through the use of Schema. XML provides a widely adopted standard for representing text and data in a format that can be processed without much human or machine intelligence. Information formatted in XML can be exchanged across platforms, languages, and applications, and can be used with a wide range of development tools and utilities. Looking at the huge list of applications and advantages of using XML over proprietary relational databases for platform-neutral data representation, here is an attempt to study and evaluate the XML Schema representation of Microsoft Access 2003 and its ability to transfer all the properties of the table.

Keywords: XML, Schema, XML converter, Microsoft Access 2003.

This paper presents a WLAN model optimization rules and simulated results for ELearning Environment like universities and other academic institutions. WLAN design with mathematical approach for coverage and access point placement estimation is discussed in the paper. WLAN throughput and workstation load estimation is calculated considering E-learning environment where voice and video data transmission is major role player.

Keywords: WLAN, HTTP, FTP,802.11 b/g/n ,Streaming services

deployed in thousands of computer networks worldwide. The basic difference between detection and prevention technique lies in how it provides protection for network environments. An IDS monitors logged data and compares it with attack signatures to detect unwanted access. For such identification, IDS normally uses signatures or any unique characteristics of such attacks.

In this paper, we have designed an algorithm to achieve dynamic access control. Dynamic access control requires implementation of three functionalities: traffic monitoring, validation and policy enforcement. In this algorithm, traffic monitoring and validation is done using anomaly based detection during access. For policy enforcement and preventing attacks, we have chosen VLAN Steering method. The reason for choosing VLAN steering is that it can be used with both out-of-band approach as well as in-band approach also. We need to implement both approaches to achieve access control dynamically. It helps to prevent insider as well as outsider attacks to a network. To prove the concept of blocking a malicious host after it is successfully admitted in a network, we present an example and a working algorithm for anomaly based detection. This algorithm uses IDS logged data from database for traffic monitoring and validation. It also updates signatures stored in signature database. An IPS sensor helps perform VLAN Steering in our system for quarantining suspicious hosts.

Water is considered as one of the most precious resources to be managed in order to maintain the ecological balance of earth. Irrigation consumes a major portion of water demand and hence due attention is needed for improving irrigation techniques and estimating actual demand of water for irrigation. The present paper describes several moisture measurement techniques, their limitations, proposes and justifies a solution of using wireless sensor networks in working out the exact water demand in controlled irrigation. It also highlights the major constraints of WSN for the proposed solution.

Keywords: Irrigation, soil moisture measurement, wireless sensor networks.

Visakhapatnam port is one of the leading major port of India has been playing a vital role in fostering the country's foreign trade, economic development and national development. In this paper an attempt has been made to focus on exports and import facilities, tariff rates, problems, present EXIM policy, major exports and imports. The above variables are tested by applying chi-square test in relation to year of establishment, operational area and type of firms. The results showed that 90 per cent of the respondents need additional warehousing and storage facilities at VPT. A little more than fifty per cent of the respondents need improvement in export and import facilities. All the respondents are facing different types of problems at VPT. To overcome their problems port authorities should take necessary steps. It is interesting to note that none of the respondents revealed about poor performance of the Andhra Pradesh government regarding export and import policies. The major exports are iron ore, engineering items, liquid cargo etc. The imports are edible oil, crude oil, chemicals, fertilizers etc. Nearly 50 per cent of the respondent's revealed that the exports are more helpful for the country.

IDSs play a principal role in pro-actively detecting intrusions into enterprise-level computer networks, therefore the accuracy with which it performs this vital function is of paramount importance. Many studies have previously been conducted to improve upon proper classification of detections using neural networks and machine learning algorithms. We try to compare the performance of various intelligent computation techniques like Bayesian networks, Naive Bayesian, Logistic regression, RBF networks, Multi-Layer perception, SVMs with the SMO model, Kth nearest neighbour and Random forest in detecting DoS attack patterns. The data that was used to train and validate these techniques was obtained from the MIT Lincoln lab study into IDSs. The results obtained provide a clear comparison of the individual intelligent computation techniques ability in identifying and classifying attack patterns.

Keywords: Networks, intrusion detection, denial of service, datasets, data mining, Bayesian networks, Naive Bayesian, Logistic regression, RBF networks, Multi-layer perception, Support vector machines, Sequential minimal optimization, Kth nearest

EAI is really a backlash to traditional distributed computing. Now that generations of developers have built these automation islands of information and business processing, more users and business managers are demanding seamless bridges between them. While the business case is clear and easy to define, the task of implementing a solution is not. There is a change in the landscape from building stand-alone applications to building integrated applications that can take advantage of data and business processes from legacy systems. This paper will try to provide the background necessary to understand Enterprise Application Integration and the challenges customers face in moving towards an integrated solution.

An empirical assessment of the Impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) in a host country's external sectors performance is important, since external sector have been for a long time viewed as an engine of economic growth. FDI promotes export and import by facilitating India access to new and larger markets. The present study examines and analyzes the impact of FDI on the Indian external sector between 1970-71 and 2008-09. Ordinary least square (OLS) regressions and the empirical analysis are conducted by using annual data on FDI inflow, Total Export, Total Import and Foreign Exchange Reserve in India over the 1970-71 to 2008-09 periods. There is sufficient evidence to show that there are significant relationship between Indian External sector and foreign direct investment inflows (FDI) in India. FDI has direct positive impact on Export, Import and Foreign Exchange Reserve, which FDI rate increase by 1% will lead to increase by 4.1% in total export with no autocorrelation, while 45% in total import and 61% in foreign exchange reserve with presence of autcorrelation. It is also observed that the impact of FDI on opportunities for domestic business and economic activities is positive and net attitudes of foreign firms toward FDI.

Key Words: FDI inflows; Export; Import, Foreign Exchange Reserve, Regression Analysis